TIME  IS NOT

 

 

 

 

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Time does not exist in the physical world outside of the mind.

 

Time is not a thing, or a place, or a wave, or a force or form of energy.

 

Time is a creation of the mind, a concept, a theory, merely a mental construct; a useful fiction of human imagination. 

 

Time is a comparison. A comparison between (1) the duration in the present of a particular movement that is made by some physical thing that mankind has adopted as a standard for comparison, and (2) the duration in the present of a particular movement that is made by some other physical thing which is measured relative to that standard.

 

The standard duration that is adopted for the purpose of comparison is typically the duration in the present of a generally invariable, repetitious movement that a particular physical thing makes, at a generally invariable speed, over a generally invariable distance.

 

For example: The recurring and generally fixed duration of the movement of the Earth as it makes one revolution on its axis in the eternal present (commonly called a “day”) is an adopted standard for comparison of duration which is used to measure the duration of other things. Similarly, the recurring and generally fixed duration in the eternal present of the movement of the Earth as it makes one revolution in its orbit around the Sun (commonly called a “year”) is an adopted standard for comparison of duration which is used to measure the duration of other things. Accordingly, as just one of innumerable possible examples, if we decided that we wanted to breakup what we call a “day” into 24 smaller parts, we could put just enough sand into a device that we call an “hourglass” so that the sand will run from the top to the bottom of the hourglass twenty four times during that “day” – and we will have thereby created the mental concept of an “hour”. Of course, we could have decided to divide our so-called “day” in to one hundred parts, or into any other number of parts, that we thought would be useful to serve our purposes. But in all events what we are doing is merely making mathematical comparisons of the duration in the present of the movement of one thing to the duration of the motion in the present of another thing that has been adopted as a standard for comparison.

 

Comparisons of duration are made; but the time during which things physically exist does not change.

 

The time did not change at all during the period from the first moment of what is commonly referred to as the “year 1,000” until the first moment of the “year 2,000”, everything just moved in the eternal present for the duration of that period; and the duration of the movement of things during that period is just a measurement made by making a comparison – a comparison of the duration of that movement in the eternal present, to (for the purpose of this example) the number of times that the Earth makes a revolution in its orbit around the Sun in the eternal present during the duration of the movement being measured.

 

Time is a measurement, like a mile, a yard, and an inch are measurements. A mile, and a yard, and an inch, do not exist as things in and of themselves in the physical world, they are all merely mental constructs, ideas, fictions of human imagination; distances (sometimes called sizes) that mankind has selected as standards for comparison to the distance between (or the size of) other things. Similarly time does not exist: A minute, a day, and a year, do not exist; they are merely mental constructs, ideas, fictions of human imagination, durations that mankind has selected as standards for comparison – for the comparison of the duration of the movement of one thing in the eternal present to the duration of the movement of other things in that same, one, unchanging, eternal present.

 

Wherever (and everywhere) a thing was before it is where it is now, it was always there in the same, one-and-only, eternal,  presently existing moment that exists now.  Wherever (and everywhere) a thing will be after it moves someplace other than where it is now, it will always be there in the same, one-and-only, eternal, presently existing moment that exists now. Wherever any thing is now, it  is there in the eternal present. And throughout the duration of the existence of a thing, as it moves from one place to another, it is always in the exact same eternally present moment that exists now; the same eternally present moment that always has and always will exist. Things continually move and exist in the eternal present; and the time does not change as it does so.

 

Things were formerly in places other than where they are now, and every thing will continually move to some place else; all in the same eternal present that exists now. Things move. The so-called time does not change.

 

There is, of course, “before” and “after”; but “before” and “after” only refer to some thing’s location, not to when that thing was, or is, or will be, at one or another location. Some thing that is at point X before it moves to point Y, was in fact at point X before it was at point Y; but it is nonetheless located both at point X and at point Y at the same, one-and-only eternally present instant that exists now. Similarly, some thing that is at point X after being  at point Y, is in fact at point X after it was at point X; but it is nonetheless located both at point X and point Y at the same, one-and-only eternally present instant that exists now. Do not be confused because some thing cannot in fact be in two places at once. The reason that such confusion can arise is by assuming (most often subconsciously) that time actually exists, when in fact it does not. Just remember that there are things, and there is space, and that things move in space, and that is all that there is; because “time” is merely a mental construct, a fiction of human imagination, which in the physical world outside of the mind in fact does not exist.

 

Things were formerly someplace other than where they are now, and they will move to someplace other than where they are now; but the time does not change when they do so.

 

The past is where every thing formerly was in the eternal present that exists now.

 

The future is where every thing will hereafter be in the eternal present that exists now.

 

Although absolutely every thing exists in the eternal present, there is, of course, remembrance of things past, and anticipation of the future of things. But both memories and anticipations are mental constructs that exist in the physical world as chemical, electrical, or whatever-it-is events or reactions that occur in the mind, body and/or brain of the person having that thought. Accordingly, in addition to the physical things other than thoughts that exist in the eternal present, there also exists in the eternal present both memories of the ways that things were, and anticipations of the ways that things might be.

 

The truth,  that there is in fact an eternal present is not inconsistent with or in conflict with the theory that postulates that people located  at different distances away from the occurrence of a physical event do not simultaneously receive their sensory perceptions of the occurrence of that event; that is, that they allegedly receive their perceptions at a different time. For example, when a star explodes, if observer #1 of the explosion (located light-years away from the explosion) is located half as far away from the exploding star as observer #2 is from the explosion; the occurrence of the explosion, and the occurrence of the observation of the explosion by observer #1, and the occurrence of the observation of the explosion by observer #2, all occur at the same so-called “time” – that is, in the eternal present that exists now. The light of the explosion moves in the present, but the time does not change during the period during which the light moves from the explosion to observer #1 and then moves to observer #2. All three events occur in the one, eternal present. The fact that some thing moves from point A to point B, and thereafter to point C (in our example the light from the exploding star), and that the light does not arrive at point B and point C simultaneously (as there is some duration of the present that exists during the period that the light moves from one point to another), does not change or affect the fact that the time does not change during the duration of that period – it is always the present. Things move: The time does not change.

 

All told: Time is a mental construct, a fiction of human imagination, that does not in fact exist outside of the mind.

 

Time is not.

 

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Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889 – 1951)

 

 

 

 

 

Absolute, true, and mathematical time, in and of itself and of its own nature, without reference to anything external, flows uniformly and by another name is called duration. Relative, apparent, and common time is any sensible and external measure (precise or imprecise) of duration by means of motion; such a measure —  for  example, an hour, a day, a month, a year — is commonly used instead of true time.
Isaac Newton (1642 – 1726)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Time is not a reality (hypostasis), but a concept (noêma) or a measure (metron).
Antiphon the Sophist (Fifth Century BCE)

 

 

 

 

 

 

I believe that nothing that exists can be temporal, and that therefore time is unreal.
J. M. E. McTaggart (1866 – 1925)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Science is . . . . a creation of the human mind, with its freely invented ideas and concepts.
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The concepts of the pure numbers 2, 3, 4 . . . , freed from the objects from which they arose, are creations of the thinking mind . . . .
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The psychological subjective feeling of time enables us to order our impressions, to state that one event precedes another. But to connect every instant of time with a number, by the use of a clock, to regard time as a one-dimensional continuum, is already an invention.

Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

An enlightening investigation of time by Saint Augustine appears here→

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Constantly pay attention to the immediate present.
Pay strict attention to what is taking place in this one and only everlasting moment.
The past is just memories, which is thought in the present.
The future is mere anticipation, which is thought in the present.

The immediate present, this one presently existing moment, is all that there is, was or ever will be.
Things move in the present; time is not.

Klar Himmel (1942 – )

 

 

 

 

 

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